Cooling Towers

All cooling towers operate on the principle of removing heat from water by evaporating a small portion of the water that is recirculated through the unit. The heat that is removed is called the latent heat of vaporization. Each one pound of water that is evaporated removes approximately 1,000 BTU's in the form of latent heat.


COOLING TOWER TERMS AND DEFINITIONS


BTU (British Thermal Unit)
A BTU is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit in the range from 32° F to 212° F
Cooling Range
The difference in temperature between the hot water entering the tower and the cold water leaving the tower is the cooling range.
Approach
The difference between the temperature of the cold water leaving the tower and the wet- bulb temperature of the air is known as the approach. Establishment of the approach fixes the operating temperature of the tower and is a most important parameter in determining both tower size and cost.
Drift
The water entrained in the air flow and discharged to the atmosphere. Drift loss does not include water lost by evaporation. Proper tower design can minimize drift loss.
Heat Load
The amount of heat to be removed from the circulating water within the tower. Heat load is equal to water circulation rate (gpm) times the cooling range times 500 and is expressed in BTU/hr. Heat load is also an important parameter in determining tower size and cost.
Ton
An evaporative cooling ton is 15,000 BTU's per hour.
Wet-Bulb Temperature
The lowest temperature that water theoretically can reach by evaporation. Wet-Bulb temperature is an extremely important parameter in tower selection and design and should be measured by a psychrometer
Pumping Head
The pressure required to pump the water from the tower basin, through the entire system and return to the top of the tower.
Makeup
The amount of water required to replace normal losses caused by bleed off, drift, and evaporation.
Bleed Off
The circulating water in the tower which is discharged to waste to help keep the dissolved solids concentration of the water below a maximum allowable limit. As a result of evaporation, dissolved solids concentration will continually increase unless reduced by bleed off.

HAMWALK DISTRICT ONE LOVE REUNION

Welcome to all Hamwalk district great people. We continued to strive for excellence because we know the happiness of our life depends on the quality of our thoughts.Friendship is the only cement that can hold the world together.

Twitter

Twitter Updates

follow me on Twitter

Just only be me

Men of great abilities are slow to act, for it is easier to avoid occasions for committing yourself than to come well out of a committiment. Such occasions test your judgment; it is safer to avoid them than to emerge victorious from them. one obligation leads to a greater one, and you come very near to the brink of disaster.

How to keep cooling towers running strong

The cooling tower is the operational portal to the natural evaporative "heat sink" for a commercial or industrial cooling system. Its health, or lack thereof, can severely affect the cooling potential of your customer's hvac system.
Because the cooling tower is the open end of a cooling system, it has unique maintenance requirements. The most essential subsystems of a cooling tower are the air-flow, waterflow and structural elements.
Each has distinctive characteristics that must be reviewed, diagnosed and monitored on an ongoing basis to avoid operational problems. The most difficult of these would be the loss of the cooling tower fan at peak heat load, but smaller structural component problems can also lead to dramatic system failures.

INSPECTING THE AIRFLOW SYSTEM

The fan and its drive components (motor, gear reducer, driveshaft) are a tower's venting system. Inefficient airflow limits the ability to dissipate significant heat loads, and significant damage can occur without regular maintenance.

Automatic control system and historical development

Air conditioning automatic control system
An air conditioning automatic control system or simply a control system, primarily modulates the capacity of the year oconditioning equipment to maintain
predetermind


-- Post From My iPhone

The laws of power

So much depends on reputation-Guard it with your life.

Reputation is the cornerstone of power. Through reputation alone you can intimidate and win; once it slips, however, you are vulnerable, and will be attacked on all sides. make your reputation unassailable. Always be alert to potential attacks


and thwart them before they happen. Meanwhile, learn to destroy your enemies by opening holes in their own reputations. Then stand aside and let public opinion hang them.